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The Pekingese: A Regal and Rare Breed

Brown Pekingese Dog sitting on its lower back smiling at camera


The Pekingese, a breed known for its regal appearance and distinctive lion-like mane, has captured the hearts of dog enthusiasts worldwide. With a rich history, unique characteristics, and an air of exclusivity, the Pekingese is a breed that continues to fascinate both dog lovers and those curious about its origins. In this comprehensive long-form piece, we will explore the history, breed group, size, coat, color, appearance, and answer some intriguing questions about this remarkable breed.
Breed History
The Pekingese, often referred to as the "Lion Dog" or "Foo Dog," has a history that is as ancient as it is intriguing. This breed traces its roots back to ancient China, where it was a cherished companion of Chinese emperors, nobility, and palace officials. The Pekingese was bred specifically for the imperial courts, and its origins can be dated back over 2,000 years.
According to legend, the Pekingese was created by Buddha himself, who shrunk a lion down to the size of a small dog to serve as a loyal companion and guard the temples. Whether or not this legend holds any truth, it reflects the breed's regal and dignified presence.
For centuries, the Pekingese was carefully guarded within the walls of the Forbidden City in Beijing, China. The dogs were considered sacred and were highly prized for their companionship. During the Opium Wars in the mid-19th century, British troops looted the Imperial Palace, and several Pekingese dogs were among the treasures they took back to England. This marked the beginning of the breed's introduction to the Western world.
Breed Group and Size
The Pekingese belongs to the Toy Group, as recognized by major kennel clubs such as the American Kennel Club (AKC) and the United Kennel Club (UKC). This group is characterized by small breeds that are primarily bred for companionship. The Pekingese fits this description perfectly, as it was bred for the sole purpose of being a loyal and loving companion to Chinese royalty.
In terms of size, Pekingese are small dogs, with an average height of 6 to 9 inches (15 to 23 cm) at the shoulder and a weight range of 7 to 14 pounds (3 to 6 kg). Despite their small stature, Pekingese dogs possess a robust and sturdy build, which gives them an air of regal confidence.
Breed Coat, Color, and Appearance
One of the most distinctive features of the Pekingese is its luxurious double coat. The outer coat is long, straight, and flowing, while the soft undercoat provides insulation. This combination creates a "mane" of fur around the neck and shoulders, giving the Pekingese its lion-like appearance. The coat requires regular grooming to prevent matting and maintain its elegant appearance.
Pekingese come in a variety of colors, including black, cream, fawn, red, sable, and even parti-color (a combination of two or more colors). The breed's facial features are characterized by a flat, brachycephalic (short-nosed) shape, and their large, dark, expressive eyes are a captivating feature. The broad, flat face and pushed-in nose are a result of the breed's brachycephalic nature, which is a defining characteristic.
Can Pekingese Climb Stairs?
Pekingese dogs are known for their short legs and stout bodies, which may make you wonder if they can navigate stairs. The answer is yes, they can climb stairs, but it may not be as effortless as it is for some other breeds. Due to their small size and short legs, Pekingese may struggle with steep or particularly tall stairs. It's essential to provide them with assistance when needed to prevent accidents or injuries.
Why Are Pekingese So Rare?
Pekingese are considered a relatively rare breed, especially when compared to more popular breeds like Labrador Retrievers or Golden Retrievers. There are several reasons for their rarity:
Historical Significance: Pekingese were originally bred exclusively for Chinese royalty, which limited their distribution and access to the breed.
Imperial Guard: Pekingese were closely guarded within the Forbidden City in Beijing, and ownership by commoners was prohibited.
Small Litter Size: Pekingese tend to have small litters, which can limit their availability.
Selective Breeding: Breeders have traditionally maintained strict standards for Pekingese, which can make them harder to find.
Despite their rarity, Pekingese make wonderful companions for those fortunate enough to share their lives with them.
Do Pekingese Stay Small?
Yes, Pekingese typically remain small throughout their lives. They are considered a toy breed, and their size ranges from 7 to 14 pounds (3 to 6 kg) on average. While they may gain or lose a bit of weight as they age, their overall size remains relatively consistent.
Is a Pekingese a Shih Tzu?
Pekingese and Shih Tzus are often confused due to their similar appearances, but they are distinct breeds. Both breeds have brachycephalic faces and long, flowing coats, but there are differences in their facial structure and body shape. Pekingese have a flatter face and are generally smaller than Shih Tzus. Additionally, their coat colors and patterns may vary.
Why Are Pekingese Called Lion Dogs?
Pekingese are often referred to as "Lion Dogs" due to their resemblance to Chinese guardian lions, also known as "Foo dogs" or "Fu lions." These lion statues, often found at the entrances of temples, palaces, and other important buildings in China, share similar facial features and a mane-like coat with the Pekingese breed. This association with guardian lions reflects the Pekingese's role as a revered and protective companion in Chinese history.
Are the Pekingese and Pug Related?
While Pekingese and Pugs share some physical characteristics, such as their brachycephalic faces and compact size, they are not closely related in terms of their breed history or lineage. Pekingese have a more ancient and exclusive lineage, originating in China and bred for Chinese royalty, whereas Pugs have a distinct history and hail from China as well but were later popularized in Europe.
Is Pekingese a Rare Breed?
Yes, the Pekingese is considered a rare breed, particularly when compared to more commonly seen breeds. Their limited historical availability, association with royalty, and strict breeding standards have contributed to their rarity. However, Pekingese enthusiasts and dedicated breeders work diligently to ensure the preservation of this unique and cherished breed.
Is a Pekingese a Lion Dog?
Yes, the Pekingese is often called a "Lion Dog" due to its resemblance to Chinese guardian lions. This title is a nod to their historical role as revered and protective companions in the imperial courts of China. The breed's flowing mane-like coat and dignified presence further reinforce this regal association.
What Is the Difference Between a Sleeve Pekingese and a Pekingese?
"Sleeve Pekingese" is a term used to describe very small Pekingese dogs, typically those weighing around 3 to 4 pounds (1.4 to 1.8 kg) or even less. The name "sleeve" originated from the ancient practice of carrying these tiny Pekingese dogs in the sleeves of Chinese nobility. In essence, a "sleeve Pekingese" is a subset of the Pekingese breed, distinguished by their exceptionally small size.
In conclusion, the Pekingese is a breed that embodies centuries of history, luxury, and companionship. Its regal appearance, distinct lion-like mane, and loyal nature continue to captivate those fortunate enough to share their lives with these remarkable dogs. While they may be considered rare in the world of dog breeds, their unique qualities and historical significance make them a true treasure for those who embrace them as companions.

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